Abstract
One of the most challenging arms-control and non-proliferation issues facing the international community is how to eliminate excess stockpiles of weapons-grade plutonium, and ensure that they are never again used in nuclear weapons. In January 1997, Washington announced a dual-track initiative to dispose of its own excess plutonium. This strategy consists of converting plutonium to mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel in currently operating commercial reactors, and immobilising some of it with highly radioactive fission products for disposal as waste. Given the vulnerability of Russia's excess weapons-grade plutonium to theft, and the associated proliferation risks, a strategy for disposing of Russia's stockpiles needs to be concluded as soon as possible.
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