Abstract
Hormones play a complex role in acne pathogenesis and treatment. Androgens typically increase the size and secretion of sebaceous glands, worsening acne, whereas estrogen counters androgen effect by direct local opposition, inhibition of androgen production, and gene regulation (Barros and Thiboutot, 2017; Beinenfeld et al., 2019). Despite multiple guidelines on acne management, there is a paucity of high-quality data on the treatment of acne among patients receiving hormone therapy (Beinenfeld et al., 2019; Del Rosso et al., 2015; Zaenglein et al., 2016).
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