Elicitor-induced phenolic acids accumulation in Salvia virgata Jacq. hairy root cultures

Samaneh Attaran Dowom,Seyed Alireza Salami,Tayebeh Radjabian,Parvaneh Abrishamchi

doi:10.1007/s11240-021-02170-8

Abstract

Phenolic acids, as the predominant secondary metabolites of Salvia plants, are largely used in pharmaceutical industries. The main aim of the study was to establish hairy root cultures of Salvia virgata Jacq. Also, the effects of methyl jasmonate (22.4 and 11.2 ppm), Ag+ ions (5 and 2.5 ppm) and yeast extract (100 and 50 ppm) were assessed on total phenol, total flavonoid, rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid A contents in the hairy roots after 1, 3 and 5 days of exposure. Results showed that Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains (A4, ATCC15834, R1000, GM1534 and C58C1) had different potential to induce hairy roots on leaf explants. The transformed roots were molecularly confirmed using rolC gene, and the highest transformation frequency (56%) was obtained by ATCC15834 strain. Among the established hairy root lines, the highest amount of rosmarinic acid (0.45 ± 0.01 mg/g DW) and dry root biomass (2.29 ± 0.04 g) was obtained in AT3, the line which was induced by ATCC15834 strain. The maximum accumulation of total phenol (123.6 ± 0.93 mg GAE/g DW), total flavonoid (5.09 ± 0.07 mg QUE/g DW), rosmarinic acid (18.45 ± 0.8 mg/g DW) and salvianolic acid A (2.11 ± 0.04 mg/g DW) was observed in the hairy roots elicited with 22.4 ppm methyl jasmonate on day three after treatment. The results support that elicitation could be an effective procedure for the improvement of caffeic acid derivatives production in S. virgata hairy root cultures. The results of this study approved that the application of elicitors is an effective procedure for the stimulation of phenolic acids production in the hairy root cultures of Salvia virgata Jacq.

Highlights

Salvia virgate Jacq., an annual plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is native to Asia and southeastern Europe
In this study, detached leaf explants from the in vitro 50-day-old plants were inoculated with five strains of A. rhizogenes
A higher frequency of hairy root (HR) induction in explants infected with ATCC15834 strain than those infected with other strains has been reported in many different medicinal plants, including Althaea officinalis L. (Tavassoli and Afshar 2018), Perovskia abrotanoides Karel. (Ebrahimi et al 2017), Helicteres isora L. (Kumar et al 2014), Solenostemon scutellarioides L. (Saleh and Thuc 2009), Ipomoea batatas L. (Chandran and Potty 2008) and S. officinallis (Grzegorczyk et al 2006)

Summary

Introduction

Salvia virgate Jacq., an annual plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is native to Asia (northeast of Iran) and southeastern Europe. Some of the important biological properties of this species, including antioxidant (Tepe 2008; karatoprak et al 2016; Dehghani Latani et al 2019), antimicrobial (Kursat et al 2012; Alizadeh 2013; Golparvar et al 2017), antifungal (Bayar and Yilar 2019), anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities (Akkol et al 2008) have been reported in the literature. Recent studies have reported numerous biological/pharmacological properties for these phenolic acids, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal (Weremczuk-Jeżyna et al 2019; Grzegorczyk-Karolak et al 2018; Katanić Stanković et al 2020), antiviral (Ma et al 2019; Kim et al 2020), anti-inflammatory (Villalva et al 2018; Liu et al 2018), hypoglycemic (Huang et al 2016; Jackson 2017; Salgueiro et al 2018), and anticancer (Swamy et al 2018; Zhang et al 2018; Katary et al 2019; Qin et al 2019) activities

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