Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJa) are prominent phytohormones that are involved in stress reactions. Both compounds may influence the biosynthesis of secondary compounds; however, scientific experiments in vivo are rare and contradictive. This paper reports on a study on the elicitation of volatiles and total phenolics (TPC) by MeJa and SA. The subjects were four Lamiaceae species studied in open field conditions in Budapest (Hungary). According to the results, both elicitors provoked specific responses in each plant species depending on the dosage applied and the parameter studied; 2 mM of SA stimulated essential oil (EO) accumulation in marjoram and peppermint, while in hyssop 0.1 mM was optimal. MeJa proved to be effective only in marjoram and in basil. In marjoram, cis-sabinene hydrate was decreased and in hyssop, isopinocamphone was increased by both dosages of SA. In peppermint, pulegone content was reduced by 2 mM SA, but no significant change of the major components of basil EO was detected. SA was successful in increasing TPC and antioxidant activity (AC) in three of the experimental species, but not in hyssop. In marjoram, only 0.1 mM induced TPC and eventually AC, while in peppermint and basil both dosages of SA were effective. Optimalisation of the treatments is suggested in further in vivo experiments.
Highlights
The results of GC-MS analysis of marjoram in Table 4 revealed the presence of 15 compounds reaching 97.4–98.6% of the total area percentages were identified in the essential oil (EO). in each sample, cis-sabinene hydrate and terpinen-4-ol were detected as major components, their ratios changed according to the treatments
The elicitors methyl jasmonate (MeJa), and Salicylic acid (SA) used in this research showed specific responses in each plant species, depending on the dosage applied and the parameter studied
SA demonstrated a higher efficacy in altering the quantitative spectrum of the Eos of marjoram, peppermint and hyssop
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The Lamiaceae family consists of a large number of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAP); annual or perennial; with a worldwide distribution [1] They are widely used in traditional medicine, in the perfumery, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries; and as flavoring agents in gastronomy, all due to their bioactive secondary compounds [2]. Salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJa) are well known phytohormones involved in biotic and abiotic stress reactions [15,16]. When applied exogenously, both compounds could induce the synthesis of SMs and subsequently enhance the biological activities both in cell plant cultures and in vivo plants [17,18]. Emphasis was placed on the accumulation and composition of their EO, phenolic content and antioxidant properties
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