Elevator Regenerative Energy Applications with Ultracapacitor and Battery Energy Storage Systems in Complex Buildings

Mostafa Kermani,Erfan Shirdare,Luigi Martirano,Saram Abbasi,Giuseppe Parise

doi:10.3390/en14113259

Mostafa Kermani, Erfan Shirdare + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/en14113259

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Abstract

Due to the dramatic growth of the global population, building multi-story buildings has become a necessity, which strongly requires the installation of an elevator regardless of the type of building being built. This study focuses on households, which are the second-largest electricity consumers after the transportation sector. In residential buildings, elevators impose huge electricity costs because they are used by many consumers. The novelty of this paper is implementing a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS), including an ultracapacitor Energy Storage (UCES) and a Battery Energy Storage (BES) system, in order to reduce the amount of power and energy consumed by elevators in residential buildings. The control strategy of this study includes two main parts. In the first stage, an indirect field-oriented control strategy is implemented to provide new features and flexibility to the system and take benefit of the regenerative energy received from the elevator’s motor. In the second stage, a novel control strategy is proposed to control the HESS efficiently. In this context, the HESS is only fed by regenerated power so the amount of energy stored in the UC can be used to reduce peak consumption. Meanwhile, the BES supplies common electrical loads in the building, e.g., washing machines, heating services (both boiler and heat pump), and lighting, which helps to achieve a nearly zero energy building.

Highlights

In this modern era, energy plays an undeniable role in different aspects of people’s lives
As this paper aimed to reduce the total cost of the system, it would not be fair to only consider the earnings that the Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) provides; instead, the initial costs related to buying new equipment, such as Battery Energy Storage (BES), ultracapacitor Energy Storage (UCES), and DC/DC converters, must be included too
This peak shaving is not a cost-effective issue in residential buildings; it is considered as one of the most important issues in industrial buildings, in the braking mode, the elevator is in generating mode, which demonstrates that the BES is charging by receiving regenerative energy

Summary

Introduction

Energy plays an undeniable role in different aspects of people’s lives. Many studies have been conducted with the aim of achieving energy and cost-savings in buildings with different functions [2] In this context, various control methods, such as the model-predictive method [3], demand response method [4], building management system [5], supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA) [6], and power-sharing model [7], have been investigated. In multistory buildings, elevators account for one of the main electricity demands at 3–10% based on the building type, such as residential, commercial, and industrial [9] This vertical transportation system has not been considered as a critical issue in terms of developing an efficient energy system for a long time. As elevators are the largest consumers of energy in residential buildings, special attention should be paid to this issue

Elevator Operation

Conclusions