Elevation of MDA Levels and Change in Histopathological of Balb/c Mice's Liver on Acute Test of Fortification of Ethanolic Roselle Flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Extract in Yogurt

Abstract

The bioactive peptides in yogurt and flavonoids in roselle flower extract have antioxidant activity that benefits the body's health. Roselle flower extract supplementation at a 5000 mg/kg dose is known not to cause death in rats. However, the toxic dose and safety of consuming fortification of roselle and yogurt have not been studied. This study aimed to determine the effect of fortification of roselle flower extract and yogurt on liver histopathology and MDA levels in the liver of the mice. Twenty male Balb/c mice (Mus musculus) were divided into four groups: healthy and untreated (control) and groups of treatment that were given fortification of ethanolic roselle flower extract and yogurt. Each treatment group was given a single dose (1000, 1400, and 7000 mg/kg) of the extract orally and observed for any clinical signs, change of habit, and death for 14 days, and they were euthanized the day after. MDA levels were measured using the Thiobarbituric Acid-Reactive Substance (TBARS) method. Hematoxylin-Eosin staining was used for histopathology and analyzed with the Knodell scoring method. The MDA levels were analyzed using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and post-test (α=0.05). The liver degeneration and focal necrosis were analyzed statistically using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney post-test (α=0.05). The 1400 and 7000 mg/kg dosage elevated the liver MDA levels (p<0.05). Degeneration and focal necrosis scores in the liver due to fortification administration were escalated at all doses compared to the control group (p<0.05).