Abstract

BackgroundGalectin-1 (Gal-1), a member of the β-galactoside binding protein family, is associated with inflammation and chronic kidney disease. However, the effect of Gal-1 on mortality and acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically-ill patients remain unclear.MethodsFrom May 2018 to March 2020, 350 patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit (ICU) of Taipei Veterans General Hospital, a tertiary medical center, were enrolled in this study. Forty-one patients receiving long-term renal replacement therapy were excluded. Serum Gal-1 levels were determined within 24 h of ICU admission. The patients were divided into tertiles according to their serum Gal-1 levels (low, serum Gal-1 < 39 ng/ml; median, 39–70 ng/ml; high, ≥71 ng/ml). All patients were followed for 90 days or until death.ResultsMortality in the ICU and at 90 days was greater among patients with elevated serum Gal-1 levels. In analyses adjusted for the body mass index, malignancy, sepsis, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and serum lactate level, the serum Gal-1 level remained an independent predictor of 90-day mortality [median vs. low: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–3.60, p = 0.006; high vs. low: aHR 3.21, 95% CI 1.90–5.42, p < 0.001]. Higher serum Gal-1 levels were also associated with a higher incidence of AKI within 48 h after ICU admission, independent of the SOFA score and renal function (median vs. low: aHR 2.77, 95% CI 1.21–6.34, p = 0.016; high vs. low: aHR 2.88, 95% CI 1.20–6.88, p = 0.017). The results were consistent among different subgroups with high and low Gal-1 levels.ConclusionSerum Gal-1 elevation at the time of ICU admission were associated with an increased risk of mortality at 90 days, and an increased incidence of AKI within 48 h after ICU admission.

Highlights

  • Galectin 1 (Gal-1) is a member of the galectin family that has one carbohydrate recognition domain

  • In analyses adjusted for the body mass index, malignancy, sepsis, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and serum lactate level, the serum Gal-1 level remained an independent predictor of 90-day mortality [median vs. low: adjusted hazard ratio 2.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–3.60, p = 0.006; high vs. low: aHR 3.21, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 1.90–5.42, p < 0.001]

  • 88.4% of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) had at least two criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) [13]. In this single-center observational study, we examined associations of the serum Gal-1 level with all-cause mortality and acute kidney injury (AKI) in septic or critically ill patients admitted to the ICU

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Summary

Introduction

Galectin 1 (Gal-1) is a member of the galectin family that has one carbohydrate recognition domain. It is expressed throughout the body and involved in T-cell homeostasis, which in turn regulates the immune response and host–pathogen interaction [1]. Gal-1 is reported to be the mediator of cardiovascular inflammation [5] It mediates the interaction of cancer cells with the extracellular matrix [6]. Gal-1’s role in critically ill patients remains poorly understood. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a member of the β-galactoside binding protein family, is associated with inflammation and chronic kidney disease. The effect of Gal-1 on mortality and acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically-ill patients remain unclear

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