Elevated P-Element-Induced Wimpy-Testis-Like Protein 1 Expression Predicts Unfavorable Prognosis for Patients with Various Cancers.

Kehua Jiang,Lanlan Tang,Fa Sun,Xiaolong Chen,Xifeng Sun,Juan Du,Tao Ye,Alessandro Granito

doi:10.1155/2021/9982192

Abstract

Increasing evidence has shown that overexpression of P-element-induced wimpy-testis (PIWI)-like protein 1 (PIWIL1) was associated with unfavorable prognosis of patients with various types of cancers. Herein, we conducted this meta-analysis to identify the clinicopathological and prognostic value of the PIWIL1 expression in cancers. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) were comprehensively retrieved for relevant studies up to August 4th, 2019. RevMan 5.3 and STATA 12.0 statistical software programs were used to explore the relationships between PIWIL1 expression and the prognosis and clinicopathological features in cancer patients. A total of 13 studies recruiting 2179 patients with 9 types of solid tumors were finally included in the meta-analysis. The results indicated that patients with high PIWIL1 expression tended to have a shorter survival, and additionally deeper tumor invasion, higher clinical stage, and more lymph node metastasis. PIWIL1 could serve as a biomarker for prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics in various cancers.

Highlights

Nowadays, cancer is a major public health problem worldwide and has become one of the leading causes of death and the biggest obstacle to improving average lifetime
Inclusion Criteria. e included articles must meet the following inclusion criteria: (1) investigation based on human cancer; (2) studies reporting the associations of PIWIL1 expression with clinical outcomes (overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), disease-free survival (DFS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS)) and clinicopathological characteristics; (3) studies directly providing hazard ratios (HRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for survival information, or survival curves to extract these data using the method described by Tierney et al [28]; (4) cancer patients divided into “high/positive” group or “low/negative” group. e following studies were excluded: (1) reviews, letters, or comments; (2) animal or cell experiment studies; (3) studies without sufficient information
Study of Stohr et al [36] reported results of two independent cohorts of renal cell carcinoma patients, and in the subsequent analysis process, the two results were regarded as two studies

Summary

Introduction

Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide and has become one of the leading causes of death and the biggest obstacle to improving average lifetime. Numerous researches have studied the mechanisms of the occurrence and development of various cancers, and great progress has been achieved in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Erefore, studying the specific mechanisms behind tumorigenesis and tumor development has become more popular and significant. The PIWI gene was found as P-element-induced wimpy testis mutation which hindered germline stem cell division in Drosophila melanogaster in 1970 [3]. It has been reported that the PIWI family are evolutionarily conserved and important in a series of biological processes, such as selfrenewal and division of stem cell, spermiogenesis, RNA silencing, transposon silencing, and posttranscriptional regulation in several different organisms [6, 8–12]

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