Elevated Levels of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Serum Amyloid-A Late After Kawasaki Disease: Association Between Inflammation and Late Coronary Sequelae in Kawasaki Disease

Abstract

Narrowband envelopes of audible sounds are keys to the perception of signals conveyed by those sounds, known as speech intelligibility. The decomposition of waveforms into envelopes and their carriers is based on the analytic representation of waveforms. This chapter summarizes a theoretical approach to getting analytic representation as a complex function from a waveform in a real function. The complex function with the instantaneous magnitude (or envelope) and the instantaneous phase in the time domain could be interpreted as the relationship between the magnitude and phase spectra in the frequency plane. Masking effects are representative losses of speech intelligibility under noisy environments. Informational masking effects are displayed on the spectral fine-structure, too, that might be hidden in the carrier rather than the envelope of intelligible speech, as well as energy masking effects on the envelopes by a white noise masker. Interestingly, time-reversed speech masker would be a representative for the informational carrier, while a white noise is a typical example of energy maskers.