Elevated Hemoglobin A1C is Significantly Associated with Decreased Post-Exercise Heart Rate Recovery in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Hareem Hasan,Hamed Farooqi,Bruno Blanchon,Ali Alawi A Al Sheikh,Ahmed Hassoun,Sarah Everman

doi:10.23937/2377-3634/1410074

Abstract

Highlights

The prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus has been increasing all over the world
Using multiple logistic regression, adjusting for age, gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), metabolic equivalent, beta blocker usage, hypertension, and duration of diabetes, there was a significant association between Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) and odds of having a Heart Rate Recovery (HRR) in the lowest quartile, such that for every unit increase in HbA1c, there was 13% increase in odds of being in the lowest HRR quartile
Adjusting for age, gender, BMI, beta blocker usage, metabolic equivalent, hypertension, and duration of diabetes, there was a significant association between HbA1c and odds of having a HRR in the lowest quartile, such that for every unit increase in HbA1c, there was 13% increase in the odds of being in the lowest HRR quartile

Summary

Introduction

The prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus has been increasing all over the world. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimated in 2015 that there were 415 million adults aged 20-79 living with diabetes worldwide, including 193 million who were undiagnosed. These trends are not projected to decrease over the several years. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Heart Rate Recovery (HRR) both are the measures of autonomic nervous system function. Heart Rate Recovery (HRR) immediately after exercise is a measure of sympathetic and parasympathetic function of the heart [5] whereas, HRV is a physiological variation in the interval between heartbeats and is regulated by the interaction of the sympathetic and parasympathetic tone [6]

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