Elevated Fibrinogen-to-Albumin Ratio Correlates with Incident Stroke in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.

Abstract

We aimed to explore the association between fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) and the risk of incident stroke (IS) in a cohort of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) patients. Participants were screened from a prospective CSVD database. Clinical data, hematologic measures and imaging findings were collected. The primary outcome was IS during follow-up, with a secondary outcome of composite vascular events (CVE) including IS, myocardial infarction (MI), and vascular deaths. Univariate and multivariate COX proportional risk models, along with competing risk models, were employed to identify factors associated with outcomes. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the association between FAR and the risk of IS and CVE in CSVD patients. In the final analysis of 682 CSVD patients over a median observation period of 34.0 [24.0-53.0] months, there were 33 cases of IS (4.84%, 1.55/100 person-years), 4 incidents of MI (0.59%, 0.19/100 person-years), 15 non-vascular deaths (2.20%, 0.70/100 person-years), and 37 occurrences of CVE (5.43%, 1.74/100 person-years). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between elevated FAR and both IS (HR 1.146; 95% CI 1.043-1.259; P=0.004) and CVE (HR 1.156; 95% CI 1.063-1.257; P=0.001) in CSVD patients. Multivariate competing risk model showed the similar results (IS: HR 1.16; 95% CI 1.06-1.27; P=0.001, CVE: HR 1.15; 95% CI 1.05-1.26; P=0.003). RCS analysis indicated a linear relationship between FAR and the risks of both IS (P for non-linearity =0.7016) and CVE (P for non-linearity =0.6475), with an optimal cutoff value of 8.69, particularly in individuals over 60 years of age. Elevated FAR demonstrated an independent and linear association with IS and the development of CVE in CSVD patients.