Abstract
BackgroundCognitive dysfunction has been recognized as a diabetes-related complication. Whether hyperglycemia or elevated fasting glucose are associated with cognitive decline remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the relationship between fasting glucose levels and cognitive function in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals.MethodsParticipants were Japanese diabetic (n = 191) and non-diabetic (n = 616) men, aged 46–81 years, from 2010–2014. Blood samples were taken after a 12 h fast. The Cognitive Ability Screening Instrument (CASI), with a maximum score of 100, was used for cognitive assessment. Cognitive domains of CASI were also investigated. Fractional logit regression with covariate adjustment for potential confounders was used to model cross-sectional relationships between fasting blood glucose and CASI score.ResultsFor diabetic individuals, CASI score was 0.38 (95% confidence interval: 0.66–0.12) lower per 1 mmol/L higher fasting glucose level. Short-term memory domain also exhibited an inverse association. For non-diabetic individuals, a reverse U-shaped relationship was observed between fasting glucose and cognitive function, identifying a threshold for highest cognitive performance of 91.8 CASI score at 3.97–6.20 mmol/L (71.5–111.6 mg/dL) fasting glucose. Language ability domain displayed a similar relationship with fasting glucose.ConclusionsElevated fasting glucose levels in diabetic men were associated with lower cognitive function, in which short-term memory was the main associated domain. Interestingly, in non-diabetic men, we identified a threshold for the inverse relationship of elevated fasting glucose with cognitive function. Contrastingly to diabetic men, language ability was the main associated cognitive domain among non-diabetic men.
Highlights
Global prevalence of diabetes is projected to increase, and by 2030 around 366 million people worldwide are expected to be affected.[1]
Studies have reported that diabetic patients have up to a 2.5-fold greater risk of dementia compared to non-diabetic individuals.[4,5]
Summary In both non-diabetic and diabetic men, we identified significant relationships of fasting blood glucose with total Cognitive Ability Screening Instrument (CASI) score
Summary
Global prevalence of diabetes is projected to increase, and by 2030 around 366 million people worldwide are expected to be affected.[1] Individuals with diabetes mellitus have increased risk of cognitive dysfunction.[2,3] Studies have reported that diabetic patients have up to a 2.5-fold greater risk of dementia compared to non-diabetic individuals.[4,5] As a diabetes-related complication, dementia has become a serious burden to Japanese society, healthcare, and economy.[6]. Cognitive dysfunction has been recognized as a diabetes-related complication. Whether hyperglycemia or elevated fasting glucose are associated with cognitive decline remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the relationship between fasting glucose levels and cognitive function in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals
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