Abstract
BackgroundChloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) is expressed ubiquitously in human tissues and is involved in the regulation of cell cycle, cell proliferation and differentiation. Recent studies have shown that CLIC1 is highly expressed in several human malignant tumors. However, its roles in human gliomas are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological significance and prognostic value of CLIC1 expression in human gliomas.MethodsCLIC1 expression in human gliomas and nonneoplastic brain tissues was measured by real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay and immunohistochemistry. Its association with clinicopathological factors or prognosis in patients with gliomas was statistically analyzed.ResultsThe expression of CLIC1 at both mRNA and protein levels was significantly increased in high-grade (Grade III~IV) glioma tissues compared with that in low-grade (Grade I~II) and nonneoplastic brain tissues, and was up-regulated with ascending tumor World Health Organization (WHO) grades. The elevated expression of CLIC1 protein was also significantly correlated with low Karnofsky performance score (KPS) (P=0.008). Moreover, both univariate and multivariate analysis shown that high CLIC1 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with gliomas (P<0.001 and P=0.01, respectively). In particular, the elevated CLIC1 expression also correlated with shorter overall survival in different glioma subgroups stratified according to the WHO grading.ConclusionsOur data provide the first evidence that CLIC1 expression might play an important role in the regulation of aggressiveness in human gliomas. The elevated expression of CLIC1 might represent a valuable prognostic marker for this disease.
Highlights
Human gliomas represent the most common primary brain tumors in both children and adults
Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) mRNA expression in human glioma tissues The expression levels of CLIC1 mRNA were detected in 20 glioma and 10 non-neoplastic brain tissues normalized to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)
Elevated expression of CLIC1 protein in human glioma tissues The expression of CLIC1 protein was detected in 128 glioma specimens and 10 nonneoplastic brain tissues using immunohistochemical staining
Summary
Human gliomas represent the most common primary brain tumors in both children and adults. The median survival time of patients with high-grade gliomas range from 5 to 59 months and some patients with low-grade tumors present poor outcome [4]. Similar with other human solid tumors, the predominant features of gliomas are extensive local tumor invasion and metastasis, in which multiple molecular events are involved. Focusing on these genetic background and molecular pathogenic processes is necessary to identify novel diagnostic and prognostic markers for improving the clinical outcome of patients with gliomas. Recent studies have shown that CLIC1 is highly expressed in several human malignant tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological significance and prognostic value of CLIC1 expression in human gliomas
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