Abstract
The rising atmospheric CO2, concentration is expected to exert a strong impact on crop production, enhancing crop growth but threatening food security and safety. An improver wheat, a hybrid, and its parents were grown at elevated CO2, e[CO2] in open field, and their yield and rheological, nutritional, and sanitary quality were assessed. For all cultivars, grain yield increased (+16%) and protein content decreased (−7%), accompanied by a reduction in dough strength. Grain nitrogen yield increased (+24%) only in ordinary bread making cultivars. e[CO2] did not result in significant changes in phenolic acid content and composition, whereas it produced a significant increase in the deoxynivalenol content. Different responses to e[CO2] between cultivars were found for yield parameters, while the effect on qualitative traits was quite similar. In the upcoming wheat cropping systems, agronomic practices and cultivar selection suited to guarantee higher nitrogen responsiveness and minimization of sanitary risk are required.
Highlights
The release of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) due to human activities is one of the major causes of climatic changes with impacts on food security and safety for their effects on agricultural crops
Wheat biomass and grain yield increased by 19% and 16%, respectively, as a consequence of the higher photosynthetic rate under e[CO2] conditions, consistent with the majority of earlier studies.[1,4]
Our study on cv Bologna during three experimental years highlights a significant interaction CO2 X environmental conditions for aboveground biomass, whereas the increase in grain yield was consistent between growing seasons
Summary
The release of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) due to human activities is one of the major causes of climatic changes with impacts on food security and safety for their effects on agricultural crops. Many experiments have highlighted the wheat productive response to elevated CO2, the associated physiological mechanisms,[4,5] and the interactions with crop practices[6−8] and growing areas,[4,9] few FACE studies have considered the effects on wheat cultivars (cv) with specific productive and qualitative traits. In this context, since tillering was reported to be the most important factor influencing yield at an elevated level of CO2,5 it would be interesting to investigate the response of cultivars with contrasting tillering capacity. This study was carried out in a subtropical climate, whereas no information is reported on the effect of FACE treatment on hybrid cultivars in temperate growing areas
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