Abstract
Plant guard cell is essential for photosynthesis and transpiration. The aperture of stomata is sensitive to various environment factors. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important regulator of stomatal movement, and its signaling includes the perception, transduction and gene expression. The intersections with many other signal transduction pathways make the regulation of CO2 more complex. High levels of CO2 trigger stomata closure, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as the key component has been demonstrated function in this regulation. Additional research is required to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms, especially for the detailed signal factors related with ROS in this response. This review focuses on Arabidopsis stomatal closure induced by high-level CO2, and summarizes current knowledge of the role of ROS involved in this process.
Highlights
These findings suggest that in the presence of various protein kinases, SLAC1 can be regulated by cytosolic CO2 /HCO3 − that has been transported by PIP2;1 and converted by βCA4 in oocytes
This conclusion is based on experiments in which Ca2+ accumulated in guard cells subjected to elevated CO2 concentration, and high CO2 -induced stomatal closure was impaired in the presence of Ca2+ chelators, such as 1,2-Bis(2-Aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N0,N0 -tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) or ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid (EDTA) [48,49,50]
This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling network in plant stomatal movement, primarily under high CO2 concentrations (Figure 1)
Summary
CO2 and Reactive Oxygen Species in Stomatal Closure. Plants 2021, 10, 410. The movement of guard cells is regulated by a variety of environmental factors, including water status, light, carbon dioxide (CO2 ) concentration and pathogen attack, as well as internal signals such as phytohormones, calcium and reactive oxygen species [1,2]. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are major regulators of stomatal movement, in response to abiotic and biotic stress [18,19]. Recent progress for the high-level CO2 -induced stomatal closure showed that ROS function as the key factor [21]. This review summarizes on the process of high-level CO2 -induced closure in Arabidopsis and focuses more on current knowledge related with ROS signal. Understanding of how ROS signal have been engaged in high-level CO2 -induced stomatal movement is essential for CO2 signaling, which will demand extensive research
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