Abstract
Rising CO2 and O3 concentrations significantly affect plant growth and can alter nutrient cycles. However, the effects of elevated CO2 and O3 concentrations on the nutrient dynamics of bamboo species are not well understood. In this study, using open top chambers (OTCs), we examined the effects of elevated CO2 and O3 concentrations on leaf biomass and nutrient (N, P, and K) dynamics in two bamboo species, Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J.Houz. and Oligostachyum lubricum (wen) King f. Elevated O3 significantly decreased leaf biomass and nutrient uptake of both bamboo species, with the exception of no observed change in K uptake by O. lubricum. Elevated CO2 increased leaf biomass, N and K uptake of both bamboo species. Elevated CO2 and O3 simultaneously had no significant influence on leaf biomass of either species but decreased P and N uptake in P. edulis and O. lubricum, respectively, and increased K uptake in O. lubricum. The results indicate that elevated CO2 alleviated the damage caused by elevated O3 in the two bamboo species by altering the uptake of certain nutrients, which further highlights the potential interactive effects between the two gases on nutrient uptake. In addition, we found differential responses of nutrient dynamics in the two bamboo species to the two elevated gases, alone or in combination. These findings will facilitate the development of effective nutrient management strategies for sustainable management of P. edulis and O. lubricum under global change scenarios.
Highlights
Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are considered essential elements for plant growth [1], but are the most limiting elements for terrestrial vegetation, especially under environmental change [2,3]
Different responses of plant N, K, and P concentrations to elevated CO2 were observed in our study in both P. edulis and O. lubricum (Table 2)
P concentration in both P. edulis and O. lubricum by 19.1% and 23.6%, respectively, which may be ascribed to a dilution effect resulting from an increase in biomass [14]
Summary
Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are considered essential elements for plant growth [1], but are the most limiting elements for terrestrial vegetation, especially under environmental change [2,3]. Two important drivers of environmental change, concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O3, have been increasing substantially as a result of human activities since the industrial revolution and will continue to increase in the future [4]. These changes have affected growth and N, P, and K concentrations and uptake in plants, which may influence nutrient cycles in ecosystems [5,6,7]. Similar results have been found in the response of plant K to elevated CO2 , relevant studies are rare [7]
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