Elevated ankyrin G in a plexiform neurofibroma and neuromas associated with pain

Abstract

Ankyrin G has recently been shown to be responsible for activation of sodium channels in the developing and regenerating axonal membrane. Via this sodium channel mechanism, elevated ankyrin G levels have been linked with spontaneous ectopic hyperexcitability and thus with pain phenomena in nervous tissue. Ankyrin G, a transmembrane, structural protein of the axon, was examined in four conditions: (a) painful plexiform neurofibroma; (b) painful neuroma; (c) non-painful neuromas; (d) normal nerve. Neurofibroma tissue was obtained from an 18-year old male patient who developed an intensely painful, plexiform neurofibroma of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve and subsequently underwent surgery. Sample proteins were separated by PAGE and labeled with anti-ankyrin G antibodies in a Western blot procedure. The ankyrin G band density (mug) of protein for the painful neurofibroma was 6014 and was 3557 for the painful neuroma as compared to 3041, 1988 and 606 (mean+/-SD=1878+/-1221) for the three non-painful neuromas. Ankyrin G expression in normal nerves (8 specimens from 7 patients) was comparatively less (mean+/-SD=411+/-339). Our results may represent the first evidence for abnormally increased levels of ankyrin G protein with painful neurofibromas. Due to ankyrin G's multifunctional role in the development and remodeling of excitable membranes, it can be hypothesized that the significant increase contributes to the development of hyperexcitable axonal membranes in neurofibromas and potentially other peripheral pain conditions.