Abstract

This chapter identifies and defines common elements found in all consultation models. These elements are 1) problem formulation; 2) overarching goals; 3) practice methods; 4) change processes; 5) power and influence; and 6) value system. These elements provide a structure to compare and contrast each consultation model along defined dimensions, giving a deeper understanding, richer perspective, and a clearer framework for deciding which consultation model is most appropriate in a given school situation. The chapter identifies underlying theories of human development and human behavior that guide each consultation model along with connections to the Response to Intervention (RtI) approaches for individual, targeted, and universal interventions services. The chapter ends by identifying six consultation models applicable in school settings: 1) organizational consultation; 2) program consultation; 3) education and training consultation; 4) mental health consultation; 4), behavioral consultation, and clinical consultation.

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