Abstract
This article surveys the history, laws, and social background of elementary school facility planning in Japan and proposes a planning method for elementary school facilities in a society with an aging, decreasing population and lower birthrate. The mass construction of schools began before the 1980s and many of the current elementary school facilities were constructed around this period. The study is based on the surveys regarding history and laws related to the planning of elementary school facilities in Japan. The history was divided into six periods and the planning characteristics of each period were discussed. The first period was the initial development of laws and standards and the second period was the emergency steps after World War II. In the third and fourth periods many subsidy systems were established for the mass development of schools. The fifth period was for qualitative development, where various subsidies began to support school quality improvement. The sixth period was a stage where schools were closed and surplus spaces occurred due to the recent low birthrate. The elementary school planning theory before 2000 was for new construction of schools, but in recent years a planning theory for the renewal of school buildings such as renovation or conversion of the buildings has become necessary.
Highlights
In this paper, the object of the research is public elementary schools
About 20% of the elementary school facilities were constructed in or before 1973 and are at least 45 years old
In the third and fourth periods many subsidy systems were established for the mass development of schools
Summary
The object of the research is public elementary schools. Outline of elementary school education and administration in Japan are as follows.There are about twenty three thousand elementary schools in Japan, 99% of which are public elementary schools and 1% are private elementary schools. The object of the research is public elementary schools. Outline of elementary school education and administration in Japan are as follows. There are about twenty three thousand elementary schools in Japan, 99% of which are public elementary schools and 1% are private elementary schools. The elementary school is a six-year system for 6 to 12 years old, and 9 years including compulsory education is 9 years, including 3 years at junior high school. Most of the public elementary schools are established, operated, and managed by local governments, and only about 70 schools are national elementary schools. The government burdens 1/2 - 1/3 of the cost of constructing elementary schools and 1/3 of the salary of faculty staff. Except for a few municipalities, the child enters an elementary school designated by a municipality that is located within the residential area
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