Elementary electronic excitation in three-dimensional electron gases under free-electron laser radiations

Abstract

I present a detailed theoretical study of the collective excitation associated with plasmon modes in three-dimensional electron gases (3DEG's), subject to free-electron laser (FEL) radiations. Using the exact solution of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation in which the effect of the electromagnetic (e.m.) radiation field is included in the Coulomb gauge, I have derived the Green's function, the density of states (DOS), and the density-density correlation function for free electrons in $(\mathbf{K},t)$ and (K,\ensuremath{\Omega}) representation. With these results, the influence of the FEL radiations on plasmon spectrum in a 3DEG has been studied by employing the random-phase approximation. It has been found that the presence of the linearly polarized terahertz laser fields will lead to a strong modulation of the electron DOS and of the Fermi energy in a 3DEG structure. As a consequence, the plasmon spectrum in an electron gas can be tuned by varying the intensity and/or frequency of the e.m. radiation. A number of important and distinctive effects induced by the FEL radiations are presented and discussed.