Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the chemical and energetic composition of Brazil nut waste in the city of Castanhal-PA. Some of the material was crushed, sifted and stored for acclimatization and analysis. Molecular and immediate chemical analyses were performed on the raw material according to NBR standards. Another part was charred in Muffle furnace, with heating rate of 1.67 °C.min-1 and temperature of 450 °C for 60 minutes. For biomass, 55.76% of lignin and 2.61% of minerals were found. Means of 65.67% for volatiles were also found; 2.08% of ashes and 21.64% of fixed carbon. In the elementary, means of 53.54% of carbon and 0.11% of sulfur were found. For charcoal, 25.81% of volatiles were found; 1.76% of ashes and 67.50% of fixed carbon. Residues have high levels of lignin, fixed carbon and low ash contents, demonstrating potential for direct burning for energy, charcoal, activated carbon and biochar.
Highlights
Biomass consists of organic material of animal or vegetable origin, and is considered an alternative source of energy
According to Werther et al (2000) and Saini et al (2015), agricultural residues present high energy potential, since after carbonization, biomass transforms into charcoal
The results obtained in the chemical and elementary biomass analyses are described in Tables 1, 2 and 3
Summary
Biomass consists of organic material of animal or vegetable origin, and is considered an alternative source of energy. According to Werther et al (2000) and Saini et al (2015), agricultural residues present high energy potential, since after carbonization, biomass transforms into charcoal. Brazil is considered as one of the largest agricultural producers, generating large amounts of waste, which has potential for bioenergy (Vieira et al, 2012; Scatolino et al, 2018). Among these agricultural products, Brazil nuts, known as Bertholletia excelsa species, are one of the main products exported from the Amazon (Lorini et al, 2018). One tree can produce about 300 or more of these hedgehogs with fruits (Kainer et al, 2006). The seed core contains 63-70% oil, which can be used to make soap and 17% of protein (Chunhieng et al, 2008)
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