Abstract
The concentrations of 15 elements and heavy metals in the stem bark of Harungana madagascariensis were determined using an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer. The antianemic activity was done using the changes in hematological parameters (PCV, RBC and hemoglobin) influenced by phenylhydrazine HCL (80 mg/kg) and malaria parasites-induced anemia. Results show Cd, Ni, Mo, Cr and Br were in the range of 0.02–0.9 mg/g, while Pb, Zn, Fe, Cu and hemoglobin were in the range of 1.5–7.2 mg/g. The elements with very high concentration were Ca, K, Sr, Mn and Cl and were in the range of 10.5–774.3 mg/g. Remarkable antianemic activity was obtained with PCV of 40–48%, RBC count of 81-155 x 104 and hemoglobin value of 57-66 g/dL after treatment; compared with 30% PCV, 67 x 104 RBC count and 36.5 g/dL hemoglobin value obtained for the untreated control animals. Our results suggest that H. madagascariensis stem bark extract constituents exhibit antianemic activity.
Highlights
Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains a massive burden of disease with an estimated two million deaths worldwide each year and responsible for two major complications, namely; cerebral malaria and severe anemia (Breman, 2001)
For the malarial-induced anemia experiment, six groups of mice were inoculated with a standard inoculum size of 1 x 107 (0.2 mL) infected erythrocytes of P. yoelii nigeriensis intraperitoneally on day zero
The elemental analysis of H. madagascariensis stem bark sample revealed the presence of 15 elements and heavy metals, Ca, K, Mn, Sr, Cl, Br, Cr, Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn, Mo and Hg in three categories of various concentrations
Summary
Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains a massive burden of disease with an estimated two million deaths worldwide each year and responsible for two major complications, namely; cerebral malaria and severe anemia (Breman, 2001). In the treatment of diseases like malaria and anemia, the beneficial effects of analyzed drug materials especially from plants are mainly attributed to the presence of constituents (alkaloids, saponin, terpenoids, anthraquinones, essential oils, flavonoids, tannins, etc). The efficacy of these constituents could be influenced by inorganic components known as the macro and micro (trace) elements. This study was carried out to determine the elemental compositions and examine the efficacious claim of the use of juice and sap from the Harungana madagascariensis stem bark in the management of iron deficiency anemia induced in pregnancy and child birth in folklore medicine. The study was done using two main modes of anemic induction through malaria and phenylhydrazine drug induced anemia
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