Abstract
Concentrations of elemental nutrients (e.g., Ca, Mg) and anthropogenic trace metals (e.g., Pb, Cu) were measured in lichens ( Nephroma antarcticum ) in southern Chile as part of a pilot project for integrated global baseline monitoring (United Nations Global Environmental Monitoring System). The study site was a forested ( Nothofagus pumilio ) watershed located in Torres del Paine National Park and was expected to be relatively free of airborne pollutants due to its remote location in the southern hemisphere. Most elements and metals met quality assurance limits established for monitoring and exhibited low levels of spatial variability indicating their utility for baseline monitoring. Elemental and trace metal concentrations plus two enrichment indices supported the hypothesis of a contaminant-free airshed for the study area. For example, concentrations of K and P were enriched to support metabolic needs, while concentrations of the anthropogenic metal Pb was lower than any reported in the published literature. The enrichment factor for lead indicated a lack of atmospheric pollution. These findings support the use of the park as an excellent site for integrated global baseline monitoring.
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