Abstract

Many of the transmission x-ray microscopy developments since the late seventies, including the ones at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), were driven primarily by the potential of x-ray microscopy to image wet and unstained biological samples with low radiation dose. High image contrast between an aqueous environment and carbon based materials can be achieved with photon energies between the carbon and oxygen K absorption edges (290-540 eV). This contrast is based on differences in cross section of the elements oxygen and carbon in this energy range. Going beyond this "elemental" sensitivity, Ade et al. recently demonstrated how chemical (valence) sensitivity can be achieved via the X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) at the carbon K edge. In addition, linear dichroism microscopy can exploit the dependence of x-ray absorption resonances on the bond orientation relative to the linearly polarized x rays. For an application of the latter technique see A.P. Smith et al.

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