Abstract
A liver biopsy specimen from a Wilson's disease (WD) patient was analyzed by means of micro-X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) spectroscopy to determine the elemental distribution. First, bench-top μXRF was utilized for a coarse scan of the sample under laboratory conditions. The resulting distribution maps of copper and iron enabled the determination of a region of interest (ROI) for further analysis. In order to obtain more detailed elemental information, this ROI was analyzed by synchrotron radiation (SR)-based μXRF with a beam size of 4 μm offering a resolution at the cellular level. Distribution maps of additional elements to copper and iron like zinc and manganese were obtained due to a higher sensitivity of SR-μXRF. In addition to this, X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) was performed to identify the oxidation states of copper in WD. This speciation analysis indicated a mixture of copper(i) and copper(ii) within the WD liver tissue.
Highlights
Non-destructive methods based on X-ray fluorescence like energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy are applied for the determination of the elemental distribution within different liver tissues
In order to acquire a coarse scan of the elemental distribution and to define a region of interest (ROI), a thin section of the liver sample was analyzed by means of bench-top micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (mXRF)
Further elements besides copper and iron could not be detected within the liver tissue by means of bench-top mXRF
Summary
Non-destructive methods based on X-ray fluorescence like energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (mXRF) are applied for the determination of the elemental distribution within different liver tissues. In order to acquire a coarse scan of the elemental distribution and to define a ROI, a thin section of the liver sample was analyzed by means of bench-top mXRF.
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