Elemental Analysis of Tetragonula laeviceps Propolis by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Abstract

Propolis, a natural substance produced by stingless bees (Tetragonula laeviceps), consists of a blend of resins collected from plant exudates and other botanical sources. Bees utilize propolis for hive maintenance and protection against predators. Propolis is widely used in various therapeutic formulations, including treatments for upper respiratory tract infections, burns, acne, herpes, and neurodermatitis. The propolis samples were analyzed using Olympus DELTA Professional Handheld XRF Analyzer. This study employs X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis to investigate the elemental composition of propolis. Data results of XRF were presented in percentage with limit detection into ppm (%, ppm). The result showed that the three most dominant elements composition in propolis sample from FB 1 were Ca(77.12%) ; K(11.59%), and SO3(5.18%). Propolis Sample from KP 1 were Fe(31.73%);Ca (26.42%); and K(14.04%). Propolis Sample from KP 2 were K(28.32%); P2O5(24.35%); and Ca(18.82%). The conclusion was that the three propolis samples contained 2 constant elements, namely Calcium (Ca) and Potassium (K). Calcium and Potassium were found to be essential functions in all organisms.