Element Segregation and Electrical Properties of PMN-32PT Grown Using the Bridgman Method

Sijia Wang,Wei Long,Aiguo He,Zengzhe Xi,Xiaojuan Li,Pinyang Fang

doi:10.3390/cryst9020098

Abstract

A single crystal with nominal composition Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-32PbTiO3 (PMN-32PT) was grown by the Bridgman technique. Crystal orientation was determined using the rotating orientation X-ray diffraction (RO-XRD). Element distribution was measured along different directions using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The effect of the element segregation along axial and radial directions on the electrical properties of the PMN-32PT crystal was investigated. It is indicated that the electrical properties of the samples along the axial direction were strongly dependent on the PT (PbTiO3) content. With the increase of the PT content, the piezoelectric coefficient and remnant polarization were improved. Differently, the electrical properties of the samples along the radial direction were mainly determined by the ratio of the Nb and Mg. The reasons for the element segregation and electrical properties varied with the composition were discussed.

Highlights

Relaxor-based ferroelectric single crystals Pb(Mg1/3 Nb2/3 )O3 -PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) have an ultrahigh piezoelectric coefficient (d33 > 2500 pC/N), an electromechanical coupling factor (k33 > 0.95), and a low dielectric loss compared to traditional piezoelectric ceramics [1,2,3,4,5]
Xi et al [21] confirmed that the specific absorption at the UV-VIS-NIR band and the strong green and red up-conversion photoluminescence (UC PL) under 980 nm laser excitation were observed in the Er3+ - and Er3+ /Yb3+ -modified Pb(Sc1/2 Nb1/2 )O3 -Pb(Mg1/3 Nb2/3 )O3 -PbTiO3 (PSN-PMN-PT) crystals using the flux method
For the Bridgman technique, it is confirmed that the element segregation exists in the single crystals and the electrical properties of the single crystals are strongly dependent on the compositions [22,23,24]. These results indicate that the element segregation occurred during the growth of the PMN-PT single crystals, and the segregation of PT

Summary

Introduction

Relaxor-based ferroelectric single crystals Pb(Mg1/3 Nb2/3 )O3 -PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) have an ultrahigh piezoelectric coefficient (d33 > 2500 pC/N), an electromechanical coupling factor (k33 > 0.95), and a low dielectric loss compared to traditional piezoelectric ceramics [1,2,3,4,5]. Based on these superior properties, PMN-PT single crystals are usually considered promising materials in sensors, ultrasonic transducers, and motors applications [6,7,8,9]. Xi et al [21] confirmed that the specific absorption at the UV-VIS-NIR band and the strong green and red up-conversion photoluminescence (UC PL) under 980 nm laser excitation were observed in the Er3+ - and Er3+ /Yb3+ -modified Pb(Sc1/2 Nb1/2 )O3 -Pb(Mg1/3 Nb2/3 )O3 -PbTiO3

Methods

Results

Conclusion