Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen am Stirnorgan von Anuren

Abstract

The ultrastructure of the frontal organ (pineal end-vesicle, Stirnorgan) of Rana temporaria L. and Rana esculenta L. is similar to the submicroscopic organization of the retina and other photosensitive organs. There are five different cell types in the frontal organ: sensory (receptor) cells, ependymal cells, ganglion cells, glial cells and “epithelial” cells. The ependymal cells may be secretory. There is no evidence for a typical pigment epithelium. The sensory cells have inner and outer segments. The inner segments contain numerous mitochondria, a Golgi complex, filaments, lipid droplets, two centrioles and a fibrillar apparatus (within the connecting piece). The mitochondria are very abundant in the “Ellipsoid” and “Ersatzellipsoid” areas (Holmgren) of the inner segment. The outer segment consists of about 60 to 110 discs formed by infoldings of the cell membrane. Most of the sensory cells are cone-like, but there are some elements with rod-like structures. Plexiform areas of the frontal organ contain terminations of the receptor cells, and processes of the nerve cells and glia cells. Synaptic structures have been determined within these areas. Non-medullated and medullated nerve fibers with adjacent glial satellites are observed in the pineal nerve (Nervus pinealis). The anatomical findings are described in detail and discussed in respect to the physiological results of Dodt and Heerd (1962) in Rana temporaria and Rana esculenta.