Abstract
In the simple Higgs-portal dark matter model with a conserved dark matter number, we show that there exists a non-topological soliton state of dark matter. This state has smaller energy per dark matter number than a free particle state and has its interior in the electroweak symmetric vacuum. It could be produced in the early universe from first-order electroweak phase transition and contribute most of dark matter. This electroweak symmetric dark matter ball is a novel macroscopic dark matter candidate with an energy density of the electroweak scale and a mass of 1 gram or above. Because of its electroweak-symmetric interior, the dark matter ball has a large geometric scattering cross section off a nucleon or a nucleus. Dark matter and neutrino experiments with a large-size detector like Xenon1T, BOREXINO and JUNO have great potential to discover electroweak symmetric dark matter balls. We also discuss the formation of bound states of a dark matter ball and ordinary matter.
Highlights
We are deeply saddened by the passing away of Eduardo Ponton (4 April 1971 – 13 June 2019)
In the simple Higgs-portal dark matter model with a conserved dark matter number, we show that there exists a non-topological soliton state of dark matter
After some preparation of soliton basics, we want to point out the main observation of this paper: in the simple Higgs-portal complex scalar dark matter model, a non-topological soliton state exists for dark matter and could be the lowest energy state per dark matter number
Summary
In the Higgs-portal dark matter scenario with a complex scalar particle Φ,1 the most general renormalizable Lagrangian preserving a U(1)Φ symmetry is. For ω2 λφhm2h/(4λh) it is possible to find solutions fully contained in the region λφh φ2 < m2h Such solutions can have a non-negligible h inside the core of the DM soliton, and typically require a more careful analysis that takes into account the h derivatives that have been neglected in the effective description. (As we will see, for ω = 100 GeV one obtains solutions displaying a core with a small Higgs VEV, i.e. an EWS-DMB.) the ω = 400 GeV case does not satisfy eq (2.11) and leads to. The size of the DMBs can be estimated as follows: setting h = 0 in eq (2.4), as is appropriate inside the soliton, leads to sin(ω r) φ(r) ≈ φ0 ω r This function has an infinite number of zeros, each of which corresponds to a solution. Let us consider some examples of the full solutions to eqs. (2.4) and (2.5)
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