Abstract
A novel nanostructured electrode material based on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline nanowires/silver nanoflowers (ERGO/PANi NWs/AgNFs) was fabricated site-specifically onto a Pt microelectrode (0.80 mm2 area) using a three-step electrochemical procedure: electrosynthesis of ERGO, electropolymerization of PANi NWs, and electrodeposition of AgNFs. Synergistic and complementary properties of ERGO, PANi NWs and AgNFs, including high electrochemical activity, large surface area, and high biocompatibility, were obtained. Besides, the electrosynthesis method allowed the direct formation of the desired nanomaterial onto the Pt microelectrode, so the adhesion between the sandwich-structured nanocomposite and the electrode surface was also improved. The optimized ERGO/PANi NWs/AgNFs nanocomposite was used for the first time to develop an electrochemical DNA sensor. As a result, the DNA probe immobilization was facilitated and the electrochemical signals of the DNA sensor were enhanced. The detection limit of the DNA sensor was 2.70 × 10−15 M. Moreover, potential miniaturization for fabrication of a lab-on-a-chip system, direct detection, high sensitivity, and good specificity are the advantages of the fabricated DNA sensor.
Highlights
Carbon nanomaterials, including graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene and carbon nanotubes, show interesting properties such as large surface area, high electrical/ thermal conductivity, good biocompatibility, chemical stability, mechanical strength and cost effectiveness.[1]
Electrosynthesis of the ERGO/PANi NWs/AgNFs nanocomposite and electrochemical measurements were performed using a PGSTAT302N AutoLab electrochemical workstation (Metrohm, Netherlands) and a three-electrode con guration consisting of the working electrode (WE) and the counter electrode (CE) which were integrated in the fabricated Pt microelectrode and an Ag/AgCl electrode (SCE) in 3 M KCl solution as a reference electrode (RE)
As the amount of graphene oxide (GO) was very small, only 5 mL of the 0.5 mg mLÀ1 GO suspension drop-casted on the Pt microelectrode, the intensity of the reduction peak decreases signi cantly and this reduction peak almost disappears in the subsequent cycles
Summary
Carbon nanomaterials, including graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene and carbon nanotubes, show interesting properties such as large surface area, high electrical/ thermal conductivity, good biocompatibility, chemical stability, mechanical strength and cost effectiveness.[1] The excellent electrochemical characteristics of carbon nanomaterials make them ideal for faradaic and non-faradaic processes These structures can exchange electrons with adsorbed molecules leading to large changes in conductance.[2] Due to unique electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties, carbon nanomaterials can be used in various applications including sensors/biosensors, supercapacitors, batteries and fuel cells.[3,4,5,6] For the eld of electrochemical biosensors, these materials can help to improve analytical performance.[7]. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique was performed using the fabricated DNA sensor to detect DNA target strands with low detection limit and high selectivity
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