Abstract
<h2>Abstract</h2> This article reviews the principles of electricity with its applications in electrosurgery. The basic concepts of current, voltage, wattage, impedance and energy are described. Thermal tissue effects are discussed with relation to modes of current application. The hazards of electrosurgery, their mechanisms and preventative measures are outlined. The clinical application and evolution of electrosurgical devices, including the standard monopolar and bipolar circuits, newer ultrasonic energy devices, advanced tissue energisers is also summarized. Special considerations in robotic surgery and gastrointestinal endosurgery are highlighted.
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