Electrostatic solitons in unmagnetized hot electron–positron–ion plasmas

Abstract

Linear and nonlinear electrostatic waves in unmagnetized electron–positron–ion (e–p–i) plasmas are studied. The electrons and positrons are assumed to be isothermal and dynamic while ions are considered to be stationary to neutralize the plasma background only. It is found that both upper (fast) and lower (slow) Langmuir waves can propagates in such a type of pair (e–p) plasma in the presence of ions. The small amplitude electrostatic Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) solitons are also obtained using reductive perturbation method. The electrostatic potential hump structures are found to exist when the temperature of the electrons is larger than the positrons, while the electrostatic potential dips are obtained in the reverse temperature conditions for electrons and positrons in e–p–i plasmas. The numerical results are also shown for illustration. The effects of different ion concentration and temperature ratios of electrons and positrons, on the formation of nonlinear electrostatic potential structures in e–p–i plasmas are also discussed.