Abstract
In this work, we studied and optimized the performance of electrostatic quadruple focusing lens system. Combining the power of three simulation software, we explored the lens hyper-parameter space to maximize the Figure of Merit Q that is proportional to the magnitude of the product of the horizontal and vertical demagnifications and inversely proportional to the product of the spherical aberration coefficients. For a 3 MeV/q beam with beam emittance of 0.2 μm·mrad, the most compact and high-performance system we obtained was an electrostatic quadruple triplet (EQT), which had a Q value of 24 and a length of ∼0.5 m, measured from the divergence slit to the end of the last set of electrodes. Increasing the distance l between the divergence aperture and the first lens further increased the Q value. l=1.0 m seems to be a good trade-off between maximizing the Q value and minimizing the system length, under which Q was approximately 33.
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