Electrostatic and steric stabilization of PVC primary particles

Abstract

AbstractProblems related to the formation and stability of primary particles in VCM suspension and bulk polymerization were theoretically analyzed, based on the DLVO (Deryaguin‐Landau‐Verway‐Overbeek) and HVO (Hesselink‐Vrij‐Overbeek) theories of stability of colloidal systems. In the absence of secondary stabilizers, PVC primary particles were solely stabilized by negative electric charges, as a result of the presence of HCl formed by a chain transfer reaction of chloride redicals to PVC polymer chains. The dependence of the stability of primary particles on the ionic strength of the medium, temperature, and total particle charge was quantitatively investigated in terms of the stability ratio and the particle coalescence rate constant. The steric stabilization of primary particles, arising from the addition of surfactants or polymers to the monomer phase, was examined, using the HVO theory. It was shown that PMMA improved the stability of primary particles and, thus, could alter the particle agglomeration kinetics. The effects of molar mass and the amount of the absorbed PMMA, as well as the influence of solvent quality on the steric stabilization of primary particles, were also investigated. The experimental results, published on the electrostatic and steric stabilization of PVC primary particles, were in good agreement with the theoretical predictions obtained in this study. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.