Abstract
The fast and precise direct-printing of micro three-dimensional (3D) structures is the important development trend for micro/nano fabrication technique. A novel method with probe arrays was built up to realize the controllable deposition of 3D electrospun nanofibrous structures. Firstly, several 3D nanofibrous structures were built on a single probe and 2-, 3-probes, which indicated that the probe height and probe interval played a key role on the 3D structure morphology. Then, different stereo nanofibrous structures based on multiprobe arrays were achieved accurately and the effects of processing parameters, including the probe height, probe interval, applied voltage and flow rate on the deposition behaviors of electrospun nanofiber over the probe arrays were investigated. The deposition area of 3D electrospun nanofibrous structures decreased with the increase of probe interval, applied voltage, and flow rate. Several 3D nanofibrous structures of special shapes including convex, triangle wave, inverted cone and complex curved surface were demonstrated by controlling the configuration of probe arrays and electrospinning parameters. This work provides an effective and simple way for the construction of 3D electrospun nanofibrous structures, which has great potentials in various medical and industrial applications.
Highlights
Nanofibrous structures have been applied to various industrial fields, such as bio-scaffold, tissue engineering, and composite materials, etc. [1,2,3]
The height of each probe could be adjusted by a micro motor, which was fixed under the collector and controlled by a host computer, the electric field could be changed according to the molding demand of 3D nanofibrous structures
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Summary
Nanofibrous structures have been applied to various industrial fields, such as bio-scaffold, tissue engineering, and composite materials, etc. [1,2,3]. Methods to construct nanofibrous structures include etching, prototyping, polymer/fiber deposition, template synthesis, nanosecond laser processing, self-assembly, and electrospinning [4,5,6,7]. Among these methods, electrospinning, in particular, has been intriguing due to its characteristics of simple process, relatively low cost, high efficiency, and good materials compatibility [8,9,10]. The assistant force is required urgently for the fast fabrication of composite structure from different materials, which becomes the important trend for applications of nanofibers. Most above-mentioned approaches can only fabricate structures with uniform thickness or of certain shape
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