Electrospun PVA/hyaluronic acid/L-arginine nanofibers for wound healing applications: Nanofibers optimization and in vitro bioevaluation

Abstract

Hyaluronic acid (HA) based nanofibers (NFs) represented a novel class of bioactive wound dressings that have a vital role in wound management due to their unique properties as an extracellular-matrix and accelerating wound healing. Novel L-arginine-loaded citric acid crosslinked PVA-HA NFs were fabricated by electrospinning and proposed for potential wound healing purposes. However, poor mechanical properties of HA NFs might limit its biological usage, thus this study aims to develop reinforced PVA/HA NFs by incorporation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as nanofiller and loading L-arginine as wound healing accelerator. Results revealed that incorporation of CNCs into PVA/HA significantly improved mechanical and swelling properties of NFs, compared to CNC-free NFs. Biological performance of NFs was evaluated on normal human skin melanocyte (HFB-4) and lung fibroblast (WI38) cell-lines. PVA/HA/CNC/L-arginine NFs exhibited excellent hemocompatibility, high protein adsorption, outstanding proliferative and adhesive potential on HFB-4 cells expressed by high wound gap-closure 99.9% after 48 h of exposure. Released arginine from PVA/HA/CNC NFs showed sustained release about 46.5% and ~90% after 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Briefly, PVA/HA/CNCs/L-arginine showed adequate antibacterial activity especially against Klebsiella pneumonia, as an acute popular pathogen causing a skin infection. These results indicate that PVA/HA/CNC/L-arginine could act as promising and multifunctional wound dressings.