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Abstract
Electrospinning has been used to fabricate ferromagnetic Ni0.47Fe0.53 nanofiber mats that were composed of individual, orientated Ni0.47Fe0.53 nanofibers. The key steps were processing a polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofiber template containing ferric nitrate and nickel acetate metal precursors in Ar at 300°C and then 95% Ar: 5% H2 at 600°C. The Ni0.47Fe0.53 fibers were nanostructured and contained Ni0.47Fe0.53 nanocrystals with average diameters of ~14 nm. The Ni0.47Fe0.53 ferromagnetic mats had a high saturation magnetic moment per formula unit that was comparable to those reported in other studies of nanostructured Ni1-xFex. There is a small spin-disordered fraction that is typically seen in nanoscale ferromagnets and is likely to be caused by the surface of the nanofibers. There was an additional magnetic contribution that could possibly stem from a small Fe1-zNizO phase fraction surrounding the fibers. The coercivity was found to be enhanced when compared with the bulk material.
Highlights
Ferromagnetic Ni0.47Fe0.53 mats containing orientated Ni0.47Fe0.53 nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning solutions of ferric nitrate and nickel acetate metal precursors in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer solutions followed by thermal processing
The final synthesis step at 600◦C in 95% Ar:5% H2 led to the complete removal of the polymer and only Ni0.47Fe0.53 fibers and a small fraction of Fe1-zNizO remained
Magnetic measurements clearly showed the presence of ferromagnetic order
Summary
There is extensive ongoing research into nanoscale magnetically ordered materials sparked by their potential applications in medicine (Pankhurst et al, 2003; Kim et al, 2007), magnetic sensors (Chen et al, 2011; Kennedy et al, 2014), RF components (Chinnasamy et al, 2015), magnetic fluids (Chen et al, 2011), and magnetic memory (Moser et al, 2002). Metallic and ferromagnetic nanofibers that display a degree of electronic spin polarization could potentially be used in spin-tunneling junctions (Katti, 2002; Parkin et al, 2004; Williams et al, 2018) for magnetic RAM applications where their small size could lead to high density storage as well as lower power when compared with multilayer thin films They could be used for spin-tunneling nano-magnetic sensors where the long lengths in relation to the diameter can ensure flux guiding along the length of the fiber and magnetic sensing directionality provided that the magnetic permeability is high enough.
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