Abstract
BackgroundMost of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) is a three-dimensional (3D) network structure of micro/nanofibers for cell adhesion and growth of 3D. Electrospun fibers distinctive mimicked 2D ECM, however, it is impossible to simulate 3D ECM because of longitudinal collapse of continuous micro/nanofibers. Herein, 3D electrospun micro/nano-fibrous sponge was fabricated via electrospinning, homogenization, shaping and thermal crosslinking for 3D tissue regeneration of cells and vascular.ResultsFibrous sponge exhibited high porosity, water absorption and compression resilience and no chemical crosslinked agent was used in preparation process. In vitro studies showed that the 3D short fiber sponge provided an oxygen-rich environment for cell growth, which was conducive to the 3D proliferation and growth of HUVECs, stimulated the expression of VEGF, and well promoted the vascularization of HUVECs. In vivo studies showed that the 3D short fiber sponges had a good 3D adhesion to the chronic wound of diabetes in rats. Furthermore, 3D short fibrous sponges were better than 2D micro/nanofiber membranes in promoting the repair of diabetic full-thickness skin defects including wound healing, hair follicle regeneration, angiogenesis, collagen secretion.ConclusionTherefore, electrospun short fibrous sponges are special candidates for mimicking the 3D ECM and promoting 3D regeneration of tissue.Graphic
Highlights
Most of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) is a three-dimensional (3D) network structure of micro/ nanofibers for cell adhesion and growth of 3D
The fabrication of scaffolds The schematic of electrospun short fiber sponge scaffolds fabrication was illustrated in Scheme 1b
To maintain high biocompatibility of the scaffold, the structure and morphology of the scaffolds were stabilized by thermal crosslinking, and no chemical crosslinking agent was used in the whole preparation process
Summary
Most of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) is a three-dimensional (3D) network structure of micro/ nanofibers for cell adhesion and growth of 3D. Biomaterial scaffolds can mimic the structure of natural extracellular matrixes (ECMs) with such remarkable scale of accuracy such that they can actively participate and synergistically evolve with intrinsic cell activities [1]. High-porosity and stereoscopic scaffold structures are prerequisites for ensuring an adequate nutrient exchange during cell growth and tissue reconstruction [12]. In this light, designing a 3D porous electrospun sponge-like bionic scaffold with high porosity, high water absorption, and excellent elasticity, is the primary goal of researchers in the field of tissue engineering
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