Abstract
To prevent the uncontrolled development of a pathogenic biofilm around a dental implant, an antimicrobial drug-release electrospun membrane, set up between the implant and the gingival tissue, was developed by taking several technical, industrial and regulatory specifications into account. The membrane formulation is made of a blend of poly(l-lactic–co–gycolic acid) (PLGA, 85:15) and poly(l-lactic acide–co–ɛ-caprolactone) (PLC, 70:30) copolymers with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) complexed with β-cyclodextrin (CD). The amount of residual solvent, the mechanical properties and the drug release kinetics were tuned by the copolymers’ ratio, between 30% and 100% of PLC, and a CHX loading up to 20% w/w. The membranes were sterilized by γ-irradiation without significant property changes. The fiber′s diameter was between 600 nm and 3 µm, depending on the membrane composition and the electrospinning parameters. CHX was released in vitro over 10 days and the bacterial inhibitory concentration, 80 µg·mL−1, was reached within eight days. The optimal membrane, PGLA/PLC/CHX-CD (60%/40%/4%), exhibited a breaking strain of 50%, allowing its safe handling. This membrane and a membrane without CHX-CD were implanted subcutaneous in a rat model. The cell penetration remained low. The next step will be to increase the porosity of the membrane to improve the dynamic cell penetration and tissue remodeling.
Highlights
Implant dentistry is one of the best-performing surgical treatments, with excellent long-term clinical success data
We report here the design of this membrane—a blend of PLGA and PLC with chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) complexed by 2-Hydroxylpropyl)-β-cyclodextrine (CD)—the properties of several electrospun membranes according to their formulation and their electrospinning parameters, the selection of the sterilization method, the in vitro CHX release study, the mechanical properties and the first in vivo study, where local tissue effects were investigated
To confirm the design of the membrane formulation, we have investigated the effect of CD on CHX
Summary
Implant dentistry is one of the best-performing surgical treatments, with excellent long-term clinical success data. Very good success rates—as high as 97%—after 10 years are regularly reported in significant cohorts [1]. These results demonstrate the very good risk/benefit balance of a treatment, which is very efficient in restoring patients0 quality of life. Most long-term studies are performed by high-skilled teams with properly taught patients, peri-implant infection remains a major cause of complications [2,3]. As the use of implant treatment increases worldwide, with approximately 25 million implants placed annually, and considering that the prevalence of this pathology is high [4], fighting peri-implantitis and improving its treatment must be considered a key objective to maintaining
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