Abstract
We report on the development of a software tool, the Electrospray Propulsion Engineering Toolkit (ESPET), that is currently being shared as a web application with the purpose to accelerate the development of electrospray thruster arrays for space propulsion. ESPET can be regarded as a database of microfluidic properties and electrohydrodynamic scaling models that are combined into a performance estimation tool. The multiscale model integrates experimental high-level physics characterization of microfluidic components in a full-scale electrospray propulsion (ESP) microfluidic network performance solution. ESPET takes an engineering model approach that breaks the ESP system down into multiple microfluidic components or domains that can be described by either analytical microfluidic or reduced order numerical solutions. ESPET can be divided into three parts: a central database of critical microfluidic properties, a microfluidic domain modeler, and a microfluidic network solver. Two options exist for the network solution, a detailed multi-domain solver and a QuickSolver designed for rapid design and testing of simple three-domain reservoir-feed-emitter arrays. The multi-domain network solver exploits the Hagen–Poiseuille/Ohm’s law analogy by using the publicly available SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) electric circuit simulation software to solve the flow properties of the microfluidic network. Both the multi-domain and QuickSolver solutions offer Monte Carlo analysis of arrays based on user supplied tolerances on design parameters. Benchmarking demonstration examples are provided for experimental work in the literature, as well as recent experimental work conducted at Busek Co. The demonstration examples include ionic liquid propelled systems using active and passive capillary emitters, externally wetted emitter needles, and porous glass emitters, as well as a liquid metal system based on an externally wetted emitter needle.
Highlights
Electrospray propulsion (ESP) promises to meet many miniaturization and specific impulse requirements of propulsion systems for future space missions
Extensive development has been dedicated to scaling up ESP systems to large, high density arrays of electrospray emitters that can match the thrust of other electric propulsion (EP) thruster types while offering higher efficiency upon miniaturization [1,2,3,4,5]
Electrospray Propulsion Engineering Toolkit (ESPET) includes models and properties for both dielectric and liquid metal (LM) propellants which are based on disparate electrospray emission physics
Summary
Electrospray propulsion (ESP) promises to meet many miniaturization and specific impulse requirements of propulsion systems for future space missions. ESPET includes models and properties for both dielectric (e.g., ionic liquids, ILs) and liquid metal (LM) propellants which are based on disparate electrospray emission physics. This is illustrated, which compares the liquid menisci formed by the interfacial interaction between the liquid surface and an external electric field at different field strengths and flow conditions. 5, we In apply to the analysis of results obtainedoffrom experiments from experiments singleand externally porous conical emitters, andofthe development of a on single externallyon wetted porouswetted conicaland emitters, and the development a model accounting model accounting forsites multiple for multiple emission on anemission emitter. sites on an emitter
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