Abstract
The limitations of conventional therapeutic drugs necessitate the importance of developing novel therapeutics to treat diverse diseases. Conventional drugs have poor blood circulation time and are not stable or compatible with the biological system. Nanomaterials, with their exceptional structural properties, have gained significance as promising materials for the development of novel therapeutics. Nanofibers with unique physiochemical and biological properties have gained significant attention in the field of health care and biomedical research. The choice of a wide variety of materials for nanofiber fabrication, along with the release of therapeutic payload in sustained and controlled release patterns, make nanofibers an ideal material for drug delivery research. Electrospinning is the conventional method for fabricating nanofibers with different morphologies and is often used for the mass production of nanofibers. This review highlights the recent advancements in the use of nanofibers for the delivery of therapeutic drugs, nucleic acids and growth factors. A detailed mechanism for fabricating different types of nanofiber produced from electrospinning, and factors influencing nanofiber generation, are discussed. The insights from this review can provide a thorough understanding of the precise selection of materials used for fabricating nanofibers for specific therapeutic applications and also the importance of nanofibers for drug delivery applications.
Highlights
Nanotechnology—the use of nanomaterials for biomedical applications—is an emerging and promising paradigm in biomedical research
This review depicts the whole scenario around current therapeutic delivery systems based on nanofibers and their useful biomedical applications, as well as suggesting future perspectives for nanofiber based delivery systems, and provides relevant literature for researchers working in this area
Hydrophilic polymers with great permeation are the strength of Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), and several in vitro and in vivo evaluations suggest the possibility of using drug-loaded electrospun nanofibers in establishing TDDS [59]
Summary
Nanotechnology—the use of nanomaterials for biomedical applications—is an emerging and promising paradigm in biomedical research. The choice of a wide variety of materials, such as natural and synthetic polymers, inorganic nanomaterials, composites and biomolecules as drugs for nanofiber fabrication makes them a robust and attractive candidate for many advanced biomedical applications [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. These remarkable characteristics make nanofibers an ideal nanomaterial for energy generation and storage, water and environmental treatment, and healthcare and biomedical engineering applications. The therapeutic application of nanofibers to drug or gene delivery is limited due to proper functionality, controlling capacity, toxicity and large-scale production limitations. This review depicts the whole scenario around current therapeutic delivery systems based on nanofibers and their useful biomedical applications, as well as suggesting future perspectives for nanofiber based delivery systems, and provides relevant literature for researchers working in this area
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