Electro-sensing of biocide and its applications based on the Ru-doped TiO2 and reduced GO nanocomposite fabricated electrode

Abstract

In this study, we utilized a carbon paste electrode (CPE) that had been modified with reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles (rGO) and ruthenium-doped TiO2 nanoparticles (Ru–TiO2) to conduct an electrochemical investigation of triclosan (TCS). To characterize the synthesized Ru–TiO2 nanoparticles, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were utilized. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was employed to characterize the fabricated Ru–TiO2/rGO/CPE and bare CPE. “The heterogeneous rate constant, the pH study, the accumulation time, the scan rate, and the concentration fluctuation were investigated. Combining several electrocatalytic modifiers allows for the development of effective electrochemical sensors. Ru–TiO2 and rGO nanostructures are two examples of these modifiers. As a result of its great sensitivity, selectivity, and application to the measurement of TCS, nanostructured Ru–TiO2 and rGO are highly recommended in this research. At a pH of 9.2 in PBS, the sensitivity range of a Ru–TiO2/rGO/CPE was investigated by testing its response to a calibration plot of TCS concentrations ranging from 1.0 × 10−8 M to 2.2 × 10−7 M. Voltammetric techniques such as square wave voltammetry (SWV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to determine the electrochemical components that comprise TCS. The developed sensor was also employed to detect and analyze TCS levels in actual samples, including those of fruits, vegetables, water, and soil.”