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Abstract
Polypyrrole was prepared in high yield by the polymerisation of pyrrole in strongly acidic conditions using hydrofluoric, hydrochloric (at 20 °C and 100 °C), hydrobromic, nitric and orthophosphoric acids. The polymer products incorporated significant amounts of the anion from the acid used. The particulate morphology of the polymer products chiefly consisted of agglomerated µm-sized spheres. The rheological properties of dispersions of polymers prepared from pyrrole using hydrochloric and hydrobromic acids, suspended in 1-chloronaphthalene–l-bromonaphthalene, were found to be electric-field dependent. Fluids prepared from the polypyrrole products derived from hydrofluoric, nitric and orthophosphoric acids did not exhibit an electrorheoloeical response.
Highlights
Pyrrole and mineral acids were purchased from the Aldrich Chemical Company (Dorset, UK)
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out at the University of the West of England using an Hitachi S-450 scanning electron microscope, with an accelerating voltage of i Presented at the Second International Conference on Materials Chemistry, MC2, University of Kent at Canterbury, 17-21 July 1995
X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies were carried out using a VG Scientific ESCALAB Mk I1 instrument
Summary
Stirring was continued for 12 h, after which time the resulting product was filtered off, extensively washed with distilled water (3000 cm3), and dried in vucuo at 70 "C for 5 h, yielding 7.89 g of a dark red-brown powder (product 1). No product was apparent after 24 h, and stirring was continued for 96 h, after which time the precipitate was filtered off, washed with distilled water (2000cm3) and dried in uucuo at 70 "C for 5 h, yielding 1.63g of a fine brown powder (product 5 ). Acid (177 cm3, 7.5 mol dm-3) at 20 Stirring was continued for 8 h, after which time the precipitate was filtered, washed with distilled water (2000 m3)and dried in uucuo at 70 "C for 5 h, yielding 1.71 g of a fine brown powder (product 7) An aqueous solution of pyrrole (44 Cm3,0.75 mOl dm-3) was added rapidly to a stirred solution OfhYdrobromic "c. acid (177 cm3, 7.5 mol dm-3) at 20 Stirring was continued for 8 h, after which time the precipitate was filtered, washed with distilled water (2000 m3)and dried in uucuo at 70 "C for 5 h, yielding 1.71 g of a fine brown powder (product 7)
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