Abstract
Due to their unique anisotropic morphology and properties, graphene-based materials have received extensive attention in the field of smart materials. Recent studies show that graphene-based materials have potential application as a dispersed phase to develop high-performance electrorheological (ER) fluids, a kind of smart suspension whose viscosity and viscoelastic properties can be adjusted by external electric fields. However, pure graphene is not suitable for use as the dispersed phase of ER fluids due to the electric short circuit caused by its high electrical conductivity under electric fields. However, graphene oxide (GO) and graphene-based composites are suitable for use as the dispersed phase of ER fluids and show significantly enhanced property. In this review, we look critically at the latest developments of ER fluids based on GO and graphene-based composites, including their preparation, electrically tunable ER property, and dispersed stability. The mechanism behind enhanced ER property is discussed according to dielectric spectrum analysis. Finally, we also propose the remaining challenges and possible developments for the future outlook in this field.
Highlights
Smart materials refer to materials that can reversibly respond to changes in external environmental factors such as light, heat, pH, and electric/magnetic fields [1,2,3]
ER fluids are a kind of suspension-like materials whose viscosity and viscoelastic properties can be adjusted by external electric fields
Jung et al [63] compared the ER property of PANI/mSiO2 composite particle suspensions with different aspect ratios, and the results showed that PANI/mSiO2 suspensions with higher aspect ratios had better dielectric properties and yield stress values
Summary
Smart materials refer to materials that can reversibly respond to changes in external environmental factors such as light, heat, pH, and electric/magnetic fields [1,2,3]. Because of the high aspect ratio, large specific surface area, and excellent physicochemical properties [4,5,6,16], recent studies show that graphene-based materials have a potential application as dispersed phase to develop high-performance electrorheological (ER). ER fluids are a kind of suspension-like materials whose viscosity and viscoelastic properties can be adjusted by external electric fields. They are usually composed of micro/nano particles with a high dielectric constant dispersed in an insulating carrier fluid with low dielectric constant [21,22]. Recent studies have shown that graphene-based materials have potential application as dispersed phase to develop high-performance ER fluids. We propose the remaining challenges and possible developments in this field for the future outlook
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