Electro‐responsive semi‐IPN hydrogel with enhanced responsive property for forward osmosis desalination

Abstract

AbstractAn electro‐responsive hydrogel with semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPN) composed of crosslinked poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐l‐propanesulfonic acid‐co‐acrylamide) (P(AMPS‐AM)) and linear polyelectrolyte polyacrylic acid (PAA) was explored. The semi‐IPN hydrogel was characterized with different methods and then used as advanced draw agent toward high water recovery for forward osmosis (FO) desalination. The swelling kinetics of the semi‐IPN hydrogel was investigated, and the electro‐responsive nature of the hydrogel under electric stimulus (in direct contact with electrodes) was determined. Results indicated that in comparison with pure P(AMPS‐AM) hydrogel, the semi‐IPN hydrogel exhibited a loose network structure with more pores. In addition, a higher equilibrium swelling capacity and more pronounced deswelling under electric stimulus can be observed for the semi‐IPN hydrogel. Furthermore, the semi‐IPN hydrogel displayed a similar initial water flux of 2.20 L m−2 h−1 (LMH) from 2 g/L NaCl solution of a lab‐scale FO process. Importantly, the semi‐IPN hydrogel had a 25% increase in water recovery efficiency under the electric stimulus of 15 V, and showed better recyclability during three cycles of regeneration compared with pure P(AMPS‐AM). The mechanism of enhanced dewatering nature for the semi‐IPN hydrogel under electric stimulus was elucidated. These results indicate this new hydrogel's potential as a promising candidate for improving FO performance.