Abstract
The electropolymerization of pyrrole on a zinc electrode was studied in different organic and aqueous media, such as acetonitrile (MeCN), propylene carbonate (PC), methanol (MeOH) and water in the presence of various ammonium salts with PF 6 −, ClO 4 −, Br −, BF 4 − or para-toluene sulfonate (TsO −) anions. Polypyrrole (PPy) film formation was achieved only in PC with TsO − anions and when the zinc electrode was chemically or electrochemically treated with heteropolyanions (HPA), such as (H 2W 18O 56F 6)H 8·9H 2O, P 2W 18O 62H 6·9H 2O and PW 12O 40H 3. In other media, electropolymerization failed and the zinc electrode was oxidized to Zn 2+. Analysis of the films by IR, Raman, XPS and SEM confirmed that standard PPy films were obtained with a conductivity of about 30 S cm −1. Adhesion of PPy to the substrate was relatively poor but could be improved drastically by thermal treatment.
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