Abstract
The effects of superimposing square, sine and triangular alternating currents on a direct current during the electroplating of thin films of Fe-Ni alloys from acidic and alkaline citrate baths under various plating conditions are studied. The composition of the alloys is found to depend on the ratio of alternating to direct current, the a.c. frequency and the waveform. The effect of the alternating current diminished with increase in the frequency and the alternating to direct current ratio. In addition, the effects of pH and temperature on the alloy composition are also reported. The alternating current slightly shifted the cathodic polarization towards the noble direction and decreased the grain size, resulting in smooth and bright deposits. A plausible mechanism for the action of the alternating current is proposed.
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