Electroplating of nanostructured polyaniline–polypyrrole composite coating in a stainless-steel tube for on-line in-tube solid phase microextraction

Abstract

In this work, a novel and efficient on-line in-tube solid phase microextraction method followed by high performance liquid chromatography was developed for preconcentration and determination of trace amounts of parabens. A nanostructured polyaniline–polypyrrole composite was electrochemically deposited on the inner surface of a stainless steel tube and used as the extraction phase. Several important factors that influence the extraction efficiency, including type of solid-phase coating, extraction and desorption times, flow rates of the sample solution and eluent, pH, and ionic strength of the sample solution were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of detection were in the range of 0.02–0.04μgL−1. This method showed good linearity for parabens in the range of 0.07–50μgL−1, with coefficients of determination better than 0.998. The intra- and inter-assay precisions (RSD%, n=3) were in the range of 5.9–7.0% and 4.4–5.7% at three concentration levels of 2, 10, and 20μgL−1, respectively. The extraction recovery values for the spiked samples were in the acceptable range of 80.3–90.2%. The validated method was successfully applied for analysis of methyl-, ethyl-, and propyl parabens in some water, milk, and juice samples.