Abstract
An absorber with a high absorbing efficiency is crucial for X-ray transition edge sensors (TESs) to realize high quantum efficiency and the best energy resolution. Semimetal Bismuth (Bi) has shown greater superiority than gold (Au) as the absorber due to the low specific heat capacity, which is two orders of magnitude smaller. The electroplating process of Bi films is investigated. The Bi grains show a polycrystalline rhombohedral structure, and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show a typical crystal orientation of (012). The average grain size becomes larger as the electroplating current density and the thickness increase, and the orientation of Bi grains changes as the temperature increases. The residual resistance ratio (RRR) (R300 K/R4.2 K) is 1.37 for the Bi film (862 nm) deposited with 9 mA/cm2 at 40 °C for 2 min. The absorptivity of the 5 μm thick Bi films is 40.3% and 30.7% for 10 keV and 15.6 keV X-ray radiation respectively, which shows that Bi films are a good candidate as the absorber of X-ray TESs.
Highlights
Valentina Zin and Pavel DikoA superconducting transition edge sensor (TES) is a detector with the superiority of high energy resolving ability, high quantum efficiency and a negligible dark-count rate.transition edge sensors (TESs) has been widely used in the field of X-ray detection [1,2]
X-ray TES is a very sensitive thermometer based on the transition between the superconducting and normal state of a superconducting metal film due to the thermal transfer from the absorber, which absorbs the energy of incident X-ray photons [3,4,5]
The energy resolution (∆E) in the strong electrothermal feedback is related to ~C1/2, C is the heat capacity of superconducting thin films and the absorber [6,7,8]
Summary
Valentina Zin and Pavel DikoA superconducting transition edge sensor (TES) is a detector with the superiority of high energy resolving ability, high quantum efficiency and a negligible dark-count rate.TES has been widely used in the field of X-ray detection [1,2]. A superconducting transition edge sensor (TES) is a detector with the superiority of high energy resolving ability, high quantum efficiency and a negligible dark-count rate. X-ray TES is a very sensitive thermometer based on the transition between the superconducting and normal state of a superconducting metal film due to the thermal transfer from the absorber, which absorbs the energy of incident X-ray photons [3,4,5]. The energy resolution (∆E) in the strong electrothermal feedback is related to ~C1/2 , C is the heat capacity of superconducting thin films and the absorber [6,7,8]. Bi and Au are widely used because of the high stopping X-ray power (high atomic number Z = 83 and Z = 79) and low specific heat [2,17]
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