Abstract
Background: Although successful reappraisal relies on cognitive resources, how cognitive impairment affects brain processes related to cognitive reappraisal is not yet clear. Methods: Forty-four amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) subjects and 72 healthy elderly controls (HECs) were divided into the MCI-Failure (n = 23), MCI-Success (n = 21), HEC-Failure (n = 26), and HEC-Success (n = 46) groups according to changes in self-reported affect using reappraisal. All participants viewed 30 negative and 30 neutral images preceded by straightforward descriptions of these images and 30 negative images preceded by more neutral descriptions. Results: Reappraisal failure was found to be more common in people with MCI. Reappraisal failure is associated with altered neurophysiological indices of negative-reappraisal stimuli processing that are reflected in smaller theta responsivity to negative-reappraisal stimuli between 350–550 ms. The MCI-Success group showed enhanced LPP for negative-reappraisal stimuli from 1200 to 3500 ms, reflecting compensatory effort to complete the reappraisal task, while subjects in other groups showed reduced LPP for negative-reappraisal stimuli from 550 to 1200 ms. Conclusions: These findings deepen our understanding of how cognitive decline impacts reappraisal and informs early diagnosis and interventions for MCI.
Highlights
Amnestic mild cognitive impairment is a dominant subtype of MCI in which memory loss is the predominant symptom, accounting for 66.5% of all MCI cases [1]
The results of two-way univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a main effect of Group (F(1,112) = 6.215, p = 0.014) and Cognition (F(1,112) = 48.148, p < 0.001), suggesting that the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was higher in the Success group than in the Failure group and higher in the healthy elderly controls (HECs) group than in the MCI group
The results showed that affective stimuli enhanced the first peak (150–350 ms) theta power in four groups, which corresponds with the idea that the first theta power is typically enhanced for emotional pictures relative to neutral ones and would not be influenced by top-down cognitive modulation [69,70]
Summary
Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is a dominant subtype of MCI in which memory loss is the predominant symptom, accounting for 66.5% of all MCI cases [1]. Investigating emotion regulation in MCI can provide helpful information for the early diagnosis and intervention of MCI. Older adults can control their emotion better than younger adults [10,11] and can maintain a stable mood for a long time [12] This phenomenon may be associated with a “positive effect” on older people’s attention and memory [13,14]. Methods: Forty-four amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) subjects and 72 healthy elderly controls (HECs) were divided into the MCI-Failure (n = 23), MCI-Success (n = 21), HEC-Failure (n = 26), and HEC-Success (n = 46) groups according to changes in self-reported affect using reappraisal.
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